One of the defining elements of the fantasy genre is the presence of magic in stories.

Magic has the ability to make the impossible possible. It’s what enchants us and draws us deeper into fantasy worlds. From the author’s perspective, however, a lot of work is required to develop that finished product we see on the page.

To help you create that brilliant magic system, you can find a comprehensive guide below. You’ll find the definitions of the two main types of system: hard magic and soft magic. You’ll also find examples of systems from popular fantasy books, and vital tips on how to create your own believeable system. And I also created a podcast episode on the very subject which you can listen to below too.

Let’s dive in.

What Are The Different Types Of Magic System?

Broadly speaking, there are two main types of magic system: hard magic and soft magic. It’s useful to think of them as different ends of a spectrum.

There are, of course, more specific systems of magic, which I’ll cover below too.

magic systems

Hard Magic Systems

A hard magic system is a well defined system, one the reader can understand the rules and the limitations of, the possibilities and the impossibilities.

So Dungeons and Dragons, for example, would be an example of a hard magic system because the players have to know how magic works, what the limitations are, how they can use spells, what components are necessary to cast a spell, what effect the spell has, and so on.

There is some debate whether a hard magic system has to be logical to the player, reader, viewer, whatever the audience, or whether it also has to be more fully constructed so it sits in that world with no questions asked. And it works pretty much as closely as we can explain science.

Arguably the defining feature is that a hard magic system is understood by the audience as to how it works, what the limitations are.

Soft Magic Systems

A soft magic system stands in stark contrast to its counterpart, the hard magic system. It possesses a certain ephemeral quality, lacking clear definition and sturdy rules.

Within this loose magical framework, there is little meticulous outlining, leaving readers with a vaguer understanding of magic’s existence and potential capabilities. The origin, limitations, or costs associated with this magic remain shrouded in mystery.

This enigmatic quality contributes to an intriguing and unpredictable narrative. Characters within a soft magic system may wield their powers without the burden of explaining intricate details to readers. The allure lies in the unexpected, allowing wizards to effortlessly conjure spells, coming to the rescue in a swift and unanticipated manner.

However, this allure comes with a caveat, as soft magic systems risk veering into clichéd conclusions where magic conveniently resolves all conflicts, serving as a catch-all solution to narrative challenges.

Striking a balance between the mystique of the unknown and providing sufficient structure becomes crucial to harnessing the full potential of a soft magic system.

More Specific Types Of Magic System

Within the bounds of hard and soft magic systems, there are different and more specific types of magic system. Each one has very intriguing nuances and are definitely worth exploring in greater depth, especially if you’re looking for inspiration for your own stories.

  • Conjuration and Summoning – this involves the ability to create or summon items, objects, people or beings into existence. It’s seen in epic video games like Skyrim and Final Fantasy.
  • Magic Derived From Nature – this popular brand of magic often involves power or abilities coming from nature itself. It can come in different forms, like elemental magic (fire, water, air, and earth), alchemy (mixing herbs), weather manipulation, or plant manipulation too.
  • Divination or Seeing – this strand of magic is often associated with characters who can predict the future, or who experience vivid dreams that fortell of events yet to come. These characters are sometimes referred to as Seers, Divines or the classic witches, wizards or sorcerers.
  • Psychic Abilities – this type of magic focuses on the mental abilities of the magician. They may be able to control things with their mind, read the minds of others, or detach their mind from their body.
  • Fantasy Creature Or Animal-Based Magic – this type of magic refers to systems where certain animals or creatures are granted specific abilities. A common example would be dragons who in classic high fantasy have the ability to breath fire and fly.
  • Systems Of Magitech – these systems of magic see technology and magic fused, with the former helping to wield the latter.

Hard Magic v Soft Magic

Whether you need to use a hard or soft magic system often comes down to a matter of necessity and desire.

We can see a goo example of this in Brandon Sanderson’s Mistborn series. Here, we find a more character-centric approach, suggesting that the choice between hard and soft magic systems should align with the protagonist’s relationship with magic.

For characters without magical abilities, a softer magic system mirrors their limited understanding, creating an aura of uncertainty akin to the readers’ perspective.

On the other hand, when magic is an integral part of a character’s identity, a hard magic system enhances the narrative by spotlighting the intricacies of spellcasting. The characters’ roles and identities become guiding lights, determining the magic system’s nature and influence within the fantastical world.

In the decision-making process, it can sometimes help to let your characters guide you. Assess their relationships with magic, their understanding, and their roles within the story. By aligning the magic system with character perspectives and identities, you’ll weave a narrative that integrates magical elements into the tapestry of your fantasy world.

hard soft magic systems

What Fantasy Genres Does Magic Often Feature In?

The fantasy genre is made up of a rich web of subgenres. Some of these subgenres feature magic more heavily than others. If you’re looking to explore these stypes of books and stories in more depth, this list may help:

  • Epic Fantasy – Epic fantasy often features expansive worlds, complex mythologies, and intricate magic systems. In “The Name of the Wind” by Patrick Rothfuss, the art of sympathy and naming is deeply ingrained in the protagonist’s journey, adding depth to the narrative
  • High Fantasy – High fantasy is characterized by its rich world-building and fantastical elements. JRR Tolkien’s Middle-earth is imbued with various magical races, artifacts, and spells, creating a captivating high-fantasy landscape.
  • Urban Fantasy – Set in contemporary urban settings, urban fantasy blends the magical with the mundane. A good example is the “Dresden Files” series by Jim Butcher. It follows Harry Dresden, a wizard-for-hire, navigating a modern-day Chicago filled with supernatural beings and magical mysteries.
  • Steampunk Fantasy – Steampunk fantasy combines magical elements with industrial-era aesthetics. In “The Iron Duke” by Meljean Brook, magic-infused technology and airships coexist in a world transformed by the powerful substance known as “horde.”
  • Magical Realism – Magical realism seamlessly integrates fantastical elements into everyday life. In “One Hundred Years of Solitude” by García Márquez, the story weaves a tapestry of magical occurrences in the Buendía family’s multi-generational saga.
  • Dark Fantasy – Dark fantasy delves into gritty and morally ambiguous realms. In “The Blade Itself” by Joe Abercrombiework we’re introduced to a world where sinister magic and complex characters shape a narrative rife with tension and intrigue.
  • Historical Fantasy – Historical fantasy blends magic with real historical settings. Susanna Clarke’s novel “Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell” is set in an alternate 19th-century England, exploring the return of magic to a world that had seemingly forgotten its existence.

Some Of The Best Magic Systems In Fantasy Books

The examples of magic systems in different fantasy books and genres above help, but I find you can never have enough of them. They really do help with your research. So to save you the extra legwork, here’s a breakdown of some of the best systems of magic you can find in popular books:

  • “The Name of the Wind” by Patrick Rothfuss – Rothfuss weaves a spellbinding tale with a protagonist who delves into the art of sympathy and naming, showcasing a nuanced and intriguing magic system.
  • “The Lies of Locke Lamora” by Scott Lynch- While not overtly magical, Lynch’s novel features a subtle but fascinating use of alchemy and mysterious Elderglass structures, contributing to the allure of the story.
  • “The Wheel of Time” series by Robert Jordan – This epic series introduces readers to the One Power, a versatile and intricate magic system that plays a central role in the struggle between light and shadow.
  • “Harry Potter” series by J.K. Rowling – Rowling’s series is a modern classic, celebrated for its imaginative use of magic. From spells to magical creatures, the Wizarding World is a testament to creative and enchanting world-building
  • “The Stormlight Archive” by Brandon Sanderson – Sanderson makes another appearance on the list with this epic series, featuring Surgebinding and Shardplate, complex and interconnected magic systems that shape the destiny of characters and nations.
  • “The Inheritance Trilogy” by N.K. Jemisin – Jemisin’s trilogy introduces readers to a world where gods walk among mortals, and the use of orogeny, a form of earth manipulation, adds a unique and compelling layer to the narrative.
  • “The Broken Empire Trilogy” by Mark Lawrence – Lawrence’s series explores a world where certain individuals possess the ability to influence and control the minds of others, adding a dark and intriguing twist to the traditional fantasy narrative.
magic systems in fantasy

How To Make Your Own Magic System

Creating your own magic system may be one of the most challenging parts of fantasy writing.

Drawing inspiration from the advice of seasoned authors, let’s explore expert tips to craft a magical system that resonates with readers.

  • Define Clear Rules – Establishing clear rules for your magic system is paramount. Renowned fantasy author Brandon Sanderson emphasizes the importance of consistency. Clearly define the limitations, costs, and mechanics of your magic to avoid plot holes and maintain reader engagement.
  • Consider Consequences – Author N.K. Jemisin encourages writers to explore the consequences of magic on society. Ask yourself how the existence of magical abilities impacts the world, its politics, and the daily lives of its inhabitants. Integrating these consequences adds depth and realism to your narrative.
  • Show, Don’t Tell – J.K. Rowling, the mastermind behind the Wizarding World, advocates for immersive storytelling. Instead of dumping information, reveal your magic system gradually through character experiences. Let readers discover the intricacies of magic alongside your characters, fostering a sense of wonder.
  • Align Magic with Themes – Patrick Rothfuss advises authors to integrate magic seamlessly with the themes of the story. Whether it’s the balance of nature, the consequences of power, or the pursuit of knowledge, your magic system can enhance and reflect the overarching themes of your narrative.
  • Consider Cultural Influence – Fantasy worlds are often diverse, and authors like Scott Lynch highlight the importance of cultural influences on magic. Reflect different societies’ beliefs, values, and traditions in their magical practices, creating a rich tapestry that enhances the world-building. Daniel Polansky is also great at this in his Low Town series. You can head here to find more fantasy writing prompts like this
  • Balance Magic and Conflict – Brent Weeks suggests using magic to enhance conflicts. Ensure that magical abilities contribute to tension and drama, but avoid making them a convenient plot device. Striking this balance keeps the stakes high and maintains reader investment.

Remember, creating a magical system is an ongoing process. Be open to evolution as your story unfolds, and most importantly, let your creativity flow.

Listen To My Podcast Episode On Creating Magic Systems

I’ve also covered the topic of creating your own magic system extensively on my podcast, The Fantasy Writers’ Toolshed.

Below, you can listen to my comprehensive discussion with fellow podcasters, fantasy writers and academics, Janina Arndt and Lucy Atkinson.

If you need any more help, advice or support with magic systems in fantasy or how to create your own, please don’t hesitate to get in touch.

Richie Billing
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